Learn about periodontology and how gum disease affects your oral and overall health. Discover causes, symptoms, and modern treatment options to prevent serious complications.
Periodontology, also known as the supporting tissues around the teeth, includes all the tissues surrounding the teeth, such as the gums, periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, and tooth bone.
Periodontal disease is common in both developed and developing countries, affecting 20-50% of the global population. The prevalence of periodontal disease is higher among adolescents, adults, and the elderly, making it a significant concern for public health.
In addition, periodontal disease is not only a condition confined to the oral cavity; some forms of periodontal disease are linked to the manifestation of systemic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.
In most cases, the development of periodontal disease begins with plaque. Plaque is a sticky film on the teeth primarily composed of bacteria. If oral hygiene is not properly maintained, plaque can progress into gingivitis and, over time, develop into periodontal disease.
Ultrasonic Scaling (Teeth Cleaning)
Teeth Scaling is the process of cleaning the surface of the tooth crown and root, helping to remove hardened plaque (tartar) that accumulates on the teeth above and below the gum line. It is an effective measure to prevent bone resorption and gum recession.
Stabilizing Loose Teeth
This technique involves using a splint to link and stabilize loose teeth (due to periodontal disease, trauma, etc.) with the remaining healthy teeth on the dental arch. The purpose of this technique is to reduce the force on the tooth, creating conditions for the tooth root and periodontal tissues to heal, thereby reducing tooth mobility and reinforcing the stability of the tooth on the arch. Stabilizing the tooth can be done on either the inner or outer surface of the tooth. Currently, the technique uses two tools: a metal splint or a metal wire combined with composite material.
Flap surgery is one of the most commonly used techniques for treating periodontal pockets, especially those with moderate to deep depths in the posterior teeth. The objectives of flap surgery in treating periodontal pockets are: To improve access to the tooth root area for cleaning and removal of necrotic, inflamed tissue. To eliminate and reduce the depth of the periodontal pocket.
Bone regeneration surgery with guidance
To meet the functional and aesthetic requirements of dental implant surgery and prosthetics, the process of regenerating bone defects follows the principle of Guided Tissue Regeneration, known as Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR). In GBR, the bone defect is covered by a membrane placed close to the bone surface, preventing the growth of fibroblasts and epithelial cells towards the bone.
Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) surgery
Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) is a method used to prevent the migration of epithelial cells (gum recession) toward the root of the tooth by placing a membrane between the gum flap and the root surface. This barrier blocks the connective tissue from contacting the root surface. Selective cell growth occurs, allowing the regeneration of periodontal tissue. GTR is commonly used to regenerate periodontal tissue in cases of bone loss around the tooth and furcation defects caused by periodontitis.
Gingival Curettage
Gingival curettage, also known as periodontal pocket curettage, involves cleaning out inflamed tissue within the periodontal pocket and smoothing the root surface of the tooth. It is usually indicated for pathological pockets less than 5 mm in depth.
Gingivectomy (Gum Surgery)
This procedure involves removing the diseased gum tissue that forms periodontal pockets and covers the surface of the teeth. By doing so, it allows for the complete removal of plaque, tartar, and smoothing of tooth roots. Gingivectomy is an effective treatment when performed under proper indications. Additionally, it helps restore the aesthetics of the smile and is also used in the treatment of gingival overgrowth.
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